Difference between revisions of "User:Debra Tabron/sandbox"

From Enviro Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 1: Line 1:
−
 
+
Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination is one of the most common environmental issues encountered by environmental professionals. Environmental pollution caused by releases of petroleum to land, surface water, or the subsurface is of concern because chemicals in PHCs can present a risk to human and environmental receptors if concentrations in environmental media are high enough. A variety of remediation technologies have been developed over the years to reduce the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil and groundwater. However, the complete restoration of sites with petroleum contamination in soils and groundwater is challenging because 1) PHCs in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) can become trapped in soil pores as an immobile, residual phase; and 2) some of the chemical compounds in LNAPL can transfer out of the residual LNAPL and migrate along potential exposure pathways in groundwater, soil, sediment, and air. Fortunately, most PHC constituents can biodegrade either in aerobic or anaerobic environments, making PHC contaminated sites somewhat easier to remediate than typical chlorinated solvents or metals contaminated sites.
 
<div style="float:right;margin:0 0 2em 2em;">__TOC__</div>
 
<div style="float:right;margin:0 0 2em 2em;">__TOC__</div>
  
 
'''Related Article(s)''':  
 
'''Related Article(s)''':  
 +
*[[Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)]]
 +
*[[Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Fuels]]
 +
*[[Sorption of Organic Contaminants]]
 +
*[[Natural Source Zone Depletion (NSZD)]]
 +
*LNAPL Remediation Technologies (Coming soon)
 +
*[[NAPL Mobility]]
 +
*LNAPL Conceptual Site Model (Coming soon)
 +
*[[Natural Attenuation in Source Zone and Groundwater Plume - Bemidji Crude Oil Spill]]
  
  
−
'''CONTRIBUTOR(S):'''  [[Dr. Guilherme Lotufo]] and [[Gunther Rosen]]
+
'''CONTRIBUTOR(S):'''  [[Dr. Bilgen Yuncu, P.E.| Dr. Bilgen Yuncu]]
  
 
'''Key Resource(s)''':  
 
'''Key Resource(s)''':  
 +
*[[media:Newell-1998-chararacterization_of_dissolved_Pet._Hydro_Plumes.pdf | Characteristics of Dissolved Petroleum Hydrocarbon Plumes]]<ref name=  "Newell1998">Newell, C.J. and Connor, J.A., 1998. Characteristics of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbon plumes, results from four studies. Rapport technique, American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC. [[Media: Newell-1998-chararacterization_of_dissolved_Pet._Hydro_Plumes.pdf| Report.pdf]]</ref>
 +
*[[media:ITRC-2009a_Evaluating_LNAPL_Rem_Tech.pdf| Evaluating LNAPL Remedial Technologies for Achieving Project Goals]]<ref name= "ITRC2009a">Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC), 2009a. Evaluating LNAPL remedial technologies for achieving project goals. Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council, LNAPLs Team, Washington, DC. [[media:ITRC-2009a_Evaluating_LNAPL_Rem_Tech.pdf| Report.pdf]]</ref>
 +
*[https://lnapl-3.itrcweb.org LNAPL-3: LNAPL Site Management: LCSM Evolution, Decision Process, and Remedial Technologies]<ref name= "ITRC2018">ITRC, 2018. LNAPL Site Management: LCSM evolution, decision process, and remedial technologies (LNAPL-3). Interstate Technical and Regulatory Council (lnapl-3.itrcweb.org)</ref>
 +
*[[media:NAVFAC-2017 New Developments In LNAPL Site Management.pdf| New Developments in LNAPL Site Management]]<ref name="NAVFAC 2017"> NAVFAC (Naval Facilities Engineering Command), 2017.  Environmental Restoration - New Developments in LNAPL Site Management. ESAT N62583-11-D-0515.[[Media: NAVFAC-2017_New_Developments_In_LNAPL_Site_Management.pdf| Report.pdf]]</ref>
 +
*[[media:Sale-2018 LNAPL FAQs 2nd ed.pdf| Managing Risk at LNAPL Sites]]<ref>Sale, T., Hopkins, H. and Kirkman, A., 2018. Managing Risk at LNAPL Sites - Frequently Asked Questions. American Petroleum Institute Tech Bulletin, 18. 72p. [[media:Sale-2018 LNAPL FAQs 2nd ed.pdf| Report.pdf]]</ref>
  
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
  
−
===Ex Situ (Above Ground) Treatment Technologies for Soil===
 
−
*Physical Approaches
 
−
<blockquote>-Excavation and off-site disposal: Applicable primarily to unsaturated soils. Requires vertical and lateral access to the contaminated material so that excavation is possible. While often required by regulators where gross contamination has been detected, excavating and treating large amounts of soil is expensive.</blockquote>
 
−
<blockquote>-Soil washing (Solvent extraction): Involves the blending of an extraction solution (surfactants, leaching/chelating agents or solvents) with the contaminated soil to extract contaminants from the soil. The solution produced by the washing process is separated from the soil and may be recycled if possible.  This technology is rarely used due to high costs associated with disposal of the contaminated wash water.</blockquote>
 
  
−
<sup>c</sup> Source: ATSDR 2017<ref>[https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ Source: ATSDR, 2017]</ref>
 
  
−
<sup>e</sup> Source: NCBI, 2020. National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Database.  Methyl tert-butyl ether, CID=15413<ref>National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2020. Methyl tert-butyl ether, PubChem CID=15413. National Institutes of Health, PubChem Database [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methyl-tert-butyl-ether] </ref> 
+
 
 +
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==

Revision as of 19:34, 14 April 2020

Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination is one of the most common environmental issues encountered by environmental professionals. Environmental pollution caused by releases of petroleum to land, surface water, or the subsurface is of concern because chemicals in PHCs can present a risk to human and environmental receptors if concentrations in environmental media are high enough. A variety of remediation technologies have been developed over the years to reduce the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil and groundwater. However, the complete restoration of sites with petroleum contamination in soils and groundwater is challenging because 1) PHCs in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) can become trapped in soil pores as an immobile, residual phase; and 2) some of the chemical compounds in LNAPL can transfer out of the residual LNAPL and migrate along potential exposure pathways in groundwater, soil, sediment, and air. Fortunately, most PHC constituents can biodegrade either in aerobic or anaerobic environments, making PHC contaminated sites somewhat easier to remediate than typical chlorinated solvents or metals contaminated sites.

Related Article(s):


CONTRIBUTOR(S): Dr. Bilgen Yuncu

Key Resource(s):

Introduction

References

  1. ^ Newell, C.J. and Connor, J.A., 1998. Characteristics of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbon plumes, results from four studies. Rapport technique, American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC. Report.pdf
  2. ^ Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC), 2009a. Evaluating LNAPL remedial technologies for achieving project goals. Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council, LNAPLs Team, Washington, DC. Report.pdf
  3. ^ ITRC, 2018. LNAPL Site Management: LCSM evolution, decision process, and remedial technologies (LNAPL-3). Interstate Technical and Regulatory Council (lnapl-3.itrcweb.org)
  4. ^ NAVFAC (Naval Facilities Engineering Command), 2017. Environmental Restoration - New Developments in LNAPL Site Management. ESAT N62583-11-D-0515. Report.pdf
  5. ^ Sale, T., Hopkins, H. and Kirkman, A., 2018. Managing Risk at LNAPL Sites - Frequently Asked Questions. American Petroleum Institute Tech Bulletin, 18. 72p. Report.pdf

See Also

Retrieved from "https://www.enviro.wiki/index.php?title=User:Debra_Tabron/sandbox&oldid=13492"